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Antenna Theory - Radiation Pattern

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Radiation is the term used to represent the emission or reception of wave front at the antenna, specifying its strength. In any illustration, the sketch drawn to represent the radiation of an antenna is its  radiation pattern . One can simply understand the function and directivity of an antenna by having a look at its radiation pattern. The power when radiated from the antenna has its effect in the near and far field regions. Graphically, radiation can be plotted as a function of  angular position  and  radial distance  from the antenna. This is a mathematical function of radiation properties of the antenna represented as a function of spherical co-ordinates, E (θ, Ø) and H (θ, Ø). Radiation Pattern The energy radiated by an antenna is represented by the  Radiation pattern  of the antenna. Radiation Patterns are diagrammatical representations of the distribution of radiated energy into space, as a function of direction. Let us look at the pattern of e...
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Antenna Theory - Beam Width

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In this chapter, we shall discuss about another important factor in the radiation pattern of an antenna, known as  beam width . In the radiation pattern of an antenna, the main lobe is the main beam of the antenna where maximum and constant energy radiated by the antenna flows. Beam width  is the aperture angle from where most of the power is radiated. The two main considerations of this beam width are Half Power Beam Width  (HPBW)  and First Null Beam Width  (FNBW) . Half-Power Beam Width According to the standard definition, “The angular separation, in which the magnitude of the radiation pattern decreases by 50% (or -3dB) from the peak of the main beam, is the  Half Power Beam Width .” In other words, Beam width is the area where most of the power is radiated, which is the peak power.  Half power beam width  is the angle in which relative power is more than 50% of the peak power, in the effective radiated field of the antenna. Indication of HPB...
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Antenna Theory - Near and for fields

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After the antenna parameters discussed in the previous chapter, another important topic of consideration is the near field and the far field regions of the antenna. The radiation intensity when measured nearer to the antenna, differs from what is away from the antenna. Though the area is away from the antenna, it is considered effective, as the radiation intensity is still high there. Near Field The field, which is nearer to the antenna, is called as  near-field . It has an inductive effect and hence it is also known as  inductive field , though it has some radiation components. Far field The field, which is far from the antenna, is called as  far-field . It is also called as  radiation field , as the radiation effect is high in this area. Many of the antenna parameters along with the antenna directivity and the radiation pattern of the antenna are considered in this region only. Field Pattern The field distribution can be quantifying in terms of field intensity is r...
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