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Antenna Theory - Half -Wave Dipole

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The dipole antenna is cut and bent for effective radiation. The length of the total wire, which is being used as a dipole, equals half of the wavelength (i.e., l = λ/2). Such an antenna is called as  half-wave dipole antenna . This is the most widely used antenna because of its advantages. It is also known as  Hertz antenna . Frequency range The range of frequency in which half-wave dipole operates is around 3KHz to 300GHz. This is mostly used in radio receivers. Construction & Working of Half-wave Dipole It is a normal dipole antenna, where the frequency of its operation is  half of its wavelength . Hence, it is called as half-wave dipole antenna. The edge of the dipole has maximum voltage. This voltage is alternating (AC) in nature. At the positive peak of the voltage, the electrons tend to move in one direction and at the negative peak, the electrons move in the other direction. This can be explained by the figures given below. The figures given above show the work...
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Antenna Theory - Beam Width

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In this chapter, we shall discuss about another important factor in the radiation pattern of an antenna, known as  beam width . In the radiation pattern of an antenna, the main lobe is the main beam of the antenna where maximum and constant energy radiated by the antenna flows. Beam width  is the aperture angle from where most of the power is radiated. The two main considerations of this beam width are Half Power Beam Width  (HPBW)  and First Null Beam Width  (FNBW) . Half-Power Beam Width According to the standard definition, “The angular separation, in which the magnitude of the radiation pattern decreases by 50% (or -3dB) from the peak of the main beam, is the  Half Power Beam Width .” In other words, Beam width is the area where most of the power is radiated, which is the peak power.  Half power beam width  is the angle in which relative power is more than 50% of the peak power, in the effective radiated field of the antenna. Indication of HPB...
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Antenna Theory - Radiation Pattern

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Radiation is the term used to represent the emission or reception of wave front at the antenna, specifying its strength. In any illustration, the sketch drawn to represent the radiation of an antenna is its  radiation pattern . One can simply understand the function and directivity of an antenna by having a look at its radiation pattern. The power when radiated from the antenna has its effect in the near and far field regions. Graphically, radiation can be plotted as a function of  angular position  and  radial distance  from the antenna. This is a mathematical function of radiation properties of the antenna represented as a function of spherical co-ordinates, E (θ, Ø) and H (θ, Ø). Radiation Pattern The energy radiated by an antenna is represented by the  Radiation pattern  of the antenna. Radiation Patterns are diagrammatical representations of the distribution of radiated energy into space, as a function of direction. Let us look at the pattern of e...
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